Roman Concrete

Roman concrete, known as "opus caementicium," is an ancient building material prized for its durability. Made from a mixture of volcanic ash, lime, water, and small stones, it undergoes a chemical reaction called pozzolanic reaction that produces a strong, resilient material. The volcanic ash helps the concrete resist cracking and deterioration over time, especially in marine environments. This ancient technique allowed Romans to construct enduring structures like aqueducts, bridges, and the Pantheon, many of which still stand today. Roman concrete's unique composition and chemistry make it significantly more durable than modern Portland cement used in contemporary construction.