Robert Rosen (biologist)

Robert Rosen was an influential theoretical biologist known for his work on understanding the complexity of living systems. He proposed that living organisms are characterized by specialized networks of interactions, called "viewpoints," which enable them to maintain life’s processes beyond simple chemistry. Rosen emphasized that biological systems are inherently different from non-living systems because they cannot be fully explained through reductionist approaches; instead, they require a holistic understanding of their organizational structure. His work laid foundations for systems biology and aimed to capture the unique informational and structural complexity that defines living organisms.