Robert Klitgaard

Robert Klitgaard is a scholar known for his work on understanding and improving governance, especially in reducing corruption. He developed a formula suggesting that corruption increases when "monopoly" (power) is high and "discretion" (personal judgment) is unchecked, but decreases when there’s strong accountability and transparency. His work helps policymakers identify ways to promote integrity and effective management in public institutions and organizations, emphasizing that controlling corruption requires balancing power, authority, and oversight.