RNAP subunits

RNA polymerase (RNAP) is a complex enzyme made up of multiple subunits that work together to synthesize RNA from DNA. In bacteria, it typically consists of core subunits (α, α, β, β’, ω) that form the main structure, with a sigma (σ) factor that helps it recognize the starting point on DNA. In eukaryotes, RNAP I, II, and III have distinct subunits specific to their functions, with many shared proteins called general transcription factors. These subunits coordinate to ensure accurate and efficient transcription, the first step in gene expression.