River Blindness (Onchocerciasis)

River blindness, or onchocerciasis, is a parasitic disease caused by a worm called Onchocerca volvulus. It is transmitted through the bites of infected black flies that breed near fast-flowing rivers and streams. Once inside the body, the worms produce tiny larvae called microfilariae, which can invade the skin and eyes. This often leads to severe itching, skin rashes, and in some cases, blindness due to damage to the eyes. The disease is most common in parts of Africa, Latin America, and Yemen. It can be effectively controlled with medication, such as ivermectin, and vector control measures.