Rittel & Webber (Horst W.J. Rittel and Melvin M. Webber)

Rittel and Webber introduced the concept of "wicked problems," which are complex issues that are difficult to define and resolve because they involve many interconnected factors, conflicting values, and no clear solutions. Examples include urban planning or climate change. Unlike simple problems with straightforward answers, wicked problems require ongoing dialogue and adaptive strategies. Their work emphasizes that traditional problem-solving methods often fall short, highlighting the need for collaborative, flexible approaches to address complex societal challenges effectively.