Riedel's thyroiditis

Riedel's thyroiditis is a rare condition where the thyroid gland becomes inflamed and is replaced by fibrous tissue, leading to hardening of the neck area. This process can cause the thyroid to enlarge and may press on nearby structures, resulting in symptoms like neck stiffness, difficulty swallowing, or voice changes. The exact cause is unknown, but it involves an abnormal immune response that causes excessive scar tissue formation. Diagnosis is often confirmed through imaging and biopsy, and treatment typically involves corticosteroids or surgery to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms.