Rician fading

Rician fading describes a wireless signal environment where a strong, direct signal (called the line-of-sight component) coexists with multiple weaker signals bouncing off objects. This combination causes the received signal strength to fluctuate over time. Unlike other types of fading, Rician fading is characterized by a dominant direct path, making the signal more reliable than in completely obstructed environments. It models scenarios like satellite links or clear outdoor settings where a clear line of sight exists alongside scattered signals, resulting in variations that can impact communication quality but generally remain more stable than in environments with no direct path.