review of landing technologies

Landing technologies refer to the methods and systems used to guide aircraft safely onto runways. Traditional approaches include visual cues and radio communications, while advanced systems utilize instruments like ILS (Instrument Landing System) for precision under low visibility. Emerging methods incorporate satellite-based navigation (like GPS) and automated landing systems, enhancing safety and reliability. These innovations help pilots maintain accurate approach paths whether in clear or poor weather conditions, ensuring a safe touchdown. Overall, landing technologies have evolved from manual efforts to sophisticated systems that improve safety, efficiency, and operational capacity of airports worldwide.