Retractions

Retractions are formal notices issued when a published work, such as a research paper or article, is found to be flawed, false, or misleading after publication. They serve to correct the scientific record by indicating that the findings are no longer reliable due to errors, misconduct, or fraud. Retractions maintain the integrity of academic and scientific communication by alerting readers that the information should not be used as a trusted source. Essentially, they act as a correction or withdrawal to ensure the accuracy and credibility of published knowledge.