resting potential

Resting potential is the electrical charge difference across a cell’s membrane when it is not actively sending signals. In nerve cells, this typically measures around -70 millivolts, meaning the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to the outside. This electrical state is maintained by the movement of ions—charged particles like sodium and potassium—through specialized channels and pumps in the cell membrane. The resting potential provides the necessary baseline for neurons to quickly respond to stimuli and transmit signals, enabling communication within the nervous system.