resistance mutations

Resistance mutations are changes in the genetic makeup of a pathogen, like bacteria, viruses, or cancer cells, that reduce or eliminate the effectiveness of medical treatments such as antibiotics, antivirals, or chemotherapy. These genetic changes occur naturally over time and can be triggered by exposure to these drugs. When a mutation confers resistance, the pathogen can survive despite treatment, making infections harder to control or cure. Understanding resistance mutations helps in developing better drugs and strategies to prevent their spread, ensuring treatments remain effective.