research papers on small-world networks

Research on small-world networks explores how many real-world systems—like social connections, brain wiring, or the internet—are organized to optimize connection efficiency and robust communication. These networks have a structure where most nodes (individuals or components) are connected to a few neighbors, but a few "shortcut" links connect distant parts, reducing the steps needed to reach anyone. This pattern allows networks to remain resilient and facilitate quick information transfer, balancing local clustering with global reach. Understanding small-world properties helps improve network design, disease control, and information flow across complex systems.