Research designs

Research designs are structured plans that guide how researchers collect and analyze data to answer specific questions. They help ensure that the findings are reliable and valid. Common types include observational studies (watching and recording behaviors or events), experimental studies (testing effects by manipulating variables), and surveys (gathering opinions or information from people). The choice of design depends on the research goal, resources, and the level of control needed. Essentially, a research design provides a roadmap for conducting the study systematically and accurately, leading to credible results.