Regulatory DNA elements

Regulatory DNA elements are specific regions of the DNA that control when, where, and how much genes are active. Think of them as switches and dials that help turn genes on or off, or adjust their level of activity. These elements include promoters, enhancers, silencers, and insulators, and they work by attracting proteins called transcription factors that influence gene expression. They are essential for proper development, cell function, and responses to environmental changes, ensuring each cell type produces the right proteins at the right time.