Reciprocal space

Reciprocal space is a mathematical concept used in physics and materials science to analyze how waves, like X-rays or electrons, interact with periodic structures such as crystals. Instead of describing the positions of atoms directly, reciprocal space represents the material's repeating patterns (like atomic arrangements) in a way that simplifies the analysis of diffraction and wave behavior. It transforms complex real-world periodic patterns into a more manageable form, helping scientists understand the structure and properties of materials at a microscopic level. Think of it as a "frequency domain" version of the material's atomic layout.