Reactions of Aryl Halides

Aryl halides are compounds where a halogen atom (like chlorine or bromine) is attached to an aromatic ring (such as benzene). Their reactions often involve replacing the halogen with other groups, but this process is usually more challenging than with other halides because of the stability of the aromatic ring. Reactions often require special conditions, catalysts, or high energy inputs. Common reactions include nucleophilic substitution and coupling reactions, which are crucial in creating pharmaceuticals, dyes, and materials. Understanding these reactions helps chemists modify aromatic compounds for various industrial and research applications.