Rawlsian Theory (John Rawls)

Rawlsian theory, developed by philosopher John Rawls, is a approach to justice emphasizing fairness and equality. It suggests that societal rules should be decided from an original position behind a "veil of ignorance," where individuals don’t know their own social status or natural abilities. Under these conditions, they would choose principles that ensure basic rights and equitable opportunities for all, especially the least advantaged. The goal is to create a just society where policies benefit everyone, especially those in vulnerable positions, by prioritizing fairness and reducing inequalities.