Rawls

John Rawls was a philosopher who developed ideas about justice and fairness. He proposed that social rules and institutions should be arranged so that everyone would agree they are fair if they didn’t know their own position in society—what he called the "original position." He suggested two principles: first, ensuring equal basic rights for all; second, that social and economic advantages should benefit everyone and be arranged so that the least advantaged are better off. Rawls’s ideas aim to create a fair society by prioritizing justice and equal opportunity.