ratchet mechanisms

A ratchet mechanism allows movement in one direction while preventing motion in the opposite direction. It typically consists of a gear or wheel with teeth and a pawl that engages these teeth. When moved in the allowed direction, the pawl slides over the teeth smoothly, enabling motion. When attempting to move in the opposite direction, the pawl catches on the teeth, stopping movement. This design provides controlled, incremental movement and is common in tools like socket wrenches, stair lifts, and camera tripods, offering both safety and precision by restricting reverse motion while permitting forward progress.