RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascade

The RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK signaling cascade is a molecular pathway that helps cells respond to signals like growth factors. When a signal binds to a cell surface, it activates RAS, a protein that triggers a sequence of other proteins—RAF, MEK, and ERK—in a chain reaction. This cascade ultimately leads to changes in the cell, such as dividing or surviving. It acts as a communication relay, ensuring cells grow and behave properly. When this pathway malfunctions, it can lead to uncontrolled growth, contributing to diseases like cancer.