raphe nuclei

Raphe nuclei are clusters of specialized neurons located in the brainstem that primarily produce and release serotonin, a neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation, sleep, and pain perception. They are distributed along the midline of the brainstem and communicate with various parts of the brain, influencing emotional well-being, alertness, and other functions. These nuclei play a key role in maintaining mental health and are linked to conditions like depression and anxiety when their activity is disrupted. In essence, they serve as critical hubs for serotonin signaling, helping to regulate many aspects of our mental and physical state.