randomness in computation

In computation, randomness refers to processes that produce unpredictable outcomes, often based on inputs that are inherently uncertain or noisy. Computers can generate pseudorandom numbers using algorithms that simulate randomness, but truly random results usually come from physical sources like atmospheric noise or radioactive decay. Randomness is useful in simulations, cryptography, and algorithms, providing variability and security. It helps computers mimic real-world uncertainty and create outcomes that are not deterministic, enabling applications that require unpredictability or probabilistic decision-making.