random mutations

Random mutations are changes in an organism's DNA that occur unexpectedly and without specific intention. These changes can result from errors during DNA copying or exposure to certain chemicals or radiation. Mutations may alter genes, potentially affecting an organism's traits, health, or abilities. While most mutations are neutral or harmful, some can provide beneficial traits that help an organism survive and reproduce. Because they happen randomly, mutations are a natural part of biological variation and evolution, providing the raw material for species to adapt over generations.