Ramachandran

The Ramachandran plot is a visualization used in structural biology to show the allowed angles of the backbone of a protein. Proteins are made of chains of amino acids, and their 3D shape depends on how these chains twist and turn. Certain angle combinations are more stable and common, while others are less so. The plot maps these angles—called phi and psi—and highlights the preferred conformations, helping scientists verify protein structures or understand how proteins fold and function correctly.