Railway tunnels

Railway tunnels are underground passages specifically constructed to allow trains to pass through mountains, hills, or under rivers, enabling a direct route that avoids difficult terrain or obstacles. Built through excavation and reinforced with supporting structures like concrete or rock bolting, tunnels are engineered for safety, stability, and efficient travel. They often include lighting, ventilation, and drainage systems to ensure smooth operation. Tunnels reduce travel time and distance, connect remote areas, and improve transportation networks, making them essential for modern rail infrastructure. Proper engineering and maintenance are crucial to ensure their integrity and safety over time.