RAF/MEK/ERK signaling pathway

The RAF/MEK/ERK pathway is a chain of molecular signals inside cells that helps regulate important functions like growth, division, and survival. When a signal (like a growth factor) binds to a cell’s surface, it activates RAF, which then activates MEK, and finally ERK. Activated ERK moves into the nucleus to turn on genes that promote cell growth and division. This pathway ensures cells respond appropriately to signals, but if it becomes overactive, it can lead to uncontrolled growth, contributing to cancer.