Radioactive materials

Radioactive materials contain unstable atoms that spontaneously release energy as they decay, emitting particles or radiation. This process transforms the atoms into different elements or isotopes, often over varying time frames. The emitted radiation — alpha, beta, or gamma — can be harmful or useful, depending on its application. Radioactive materials are used in medicine, industry, and research, but require careful handling and disposal due to their potential health risks. Their stability depends on the atomic structure, and decay rates are measured by half-life, indicating how long it takes for half of the material to decay.