R0 calculation

The basic reproduction number, R0, indicates how many people, on average, a single infected person will spread a disease to in a fully susceptible population. If R0 is greater than 1, the infection can grow and spread widely. If it's less than 1, the outbreak will likely decline and eventually stop. R0 is calculated based on factors like how easily the disease spreads, how long a person is contagious, and the number of contacts they have. It helps public health officials understand the potential severity of an outbreak and design effective control measures.