r-process

The r-process, or rapid neutron-capture process, is a method by which many of the universe's heavy elements (like gold and platinum) are created. It occurs in extreme astrophysical environments, such as neutron star mergers or supernovae, where an abundance of free neutrons is available. During the process, atomic nuclei quickly absorb neutrons before they can decay, building larger and heavier elements. Afterward, these unstable nuclei decay into stable, heavy elements. This process explains how some of the heaviest elements in the universe originated.