Quantum supremacy theory

Quantum supremacy refers to the milestone where a quantum computer performs a specific calculation significantly faster than any classical computer could. Unlike regular computers that use bits (0 or 1), quantum computers use qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously thanks to quantum phenomena like superposition. This allows certain complex problems—like factoring large numbers or simulating molecules—to be solved more efficiently. Achieving quantum supremacy demonstrates the exceptional potential of quantum computing, marking a key step toward practical applications that could revolutionize fields such as cryptography, material science, and artificial intelligence.