Quantum Spin Liquid

A Quantum Spin Liquid (QSL) is a state of matter in which the magnetic moments (spins) of electrons remain disordered and fluctuating even at extremely low temperatures, unlike typical magnetic materials that align or order themselves. This constant quantum fluctuation prevents the spins from freezing into a regular pattern, resulting in a highly entangled, fluid-like magnetic state. QSLs are of interest because they exhibit unusual properties, such as fractionalized excitations and potential applications in quantum computing, highlighting a new form of matter with complex quantum interactions beyond conventional magnetism.