Quantum probability

Quantum probability describes how the behavior of particles at tiny scales—like electrons and photons—is fundamentally different from everyday experiences. Instead of predictable outcomes, these particles exist in a combination of possibilities until measured, at which point they "choose" a specific state. This means outcomes are inherently probabilistic, governed by mathematical rules called wave functions. Unlike classical probability, which deals with certainty about outcomes, quantum probability involves superpositions and interference, leading to phenomena like entanglement. Overall, it provides a framework to understand and predict the likelihood of various behaviors at the quantum level, where traditional notions of certainty no longer apply.