Quantum Measurement Theory

Quantum Measurement Theory explores how observing or measuring a quantum system affects its state. Unlike classical objects, quantum particles exist in multiple possible states simultaneously—a phenomenon called superposition. When a measurement occurs, this superposition "collapses" into a definite outcome, like a particle's position or spin. The theory describes the probabilistic rules governing this process and how information is extracted from quantum systems. It underscores the idea that measurement isn't just passive observation but actively influences the state, bridging the gap between the quantum world’s uncertainty and the definite results we observe.