Quantum Gates

Quantum gates are the basic operations used to manipulate quantum bits (qubits) in quantum computing. Unlike classical bits that are either 0 or 1, qubits can exist in superpositions of both states simultaneously. Quantum gates change the state of qubits through precise, mathematical transformations, enabling complex computations like entanglement and interference. They are analogous to logical gates in classical computing but operate within the quantum realm, allowing for powerful processing capabilities that can solve certain problems more efficiently than traditional computers. Examples include the Hadamard, Pauli, and CNOT gates, each playing a role in quantum algorithms.