Quantum gases

Quantum gases are collections of particles, like atoms or molecules, that follow the rules of quantum mechanics rather than classic physics. At very low temperatures, these particles behave collectively in strange ways, forming states such as Bose-Einstein condensates where they act as a single quantum entity, or degenerate Fermi gases where particles fill energy levels like in an army. These behaviors emerge because quantum properties like wave-particle duality and quantized energy levels become dominant, revealing new phases of matter and advancing our understanding of physics at microscopic scales.