Quantum Foam

Quantum foam, also called spacetime foam, is a concept from quantum physics describing the turbulent, ever-changing nature of space at extremely tiny scales—much smaller than atoms. At these scales (around the Planck length, about \(10^{-35}\) meters), space isn't smooth but fluctuates constantly with rapid bursts of energy and tiny, transient particles. This chaotic "foamy" structure results from the uncertainty principle of quantum mechanics, where particles and fields pop in and out of existence, creating a dynamic, frothy texture that underpins the fabric of the universe at the smallest levels.