Quantum Field Theory (QFT)

Quantum Field Theory (QFT) is a framework that combines quantum mechanics and special relativity to describe the fundamental particles and forces of nature. In QFT, particles are seen as excitations or vibrations in underlying fields that pervade all space. For example, an electron is a ripple in the electron field. Interactions between particles occur through these fields exchanging energy and momentum. QFT underpins much of modern physics, explaining phenomena from atomic behavior to forces like electromagnetism and the weak and strong nuclear forces, providing a unified language for understanding the subatomic world.