Quad-tree

A Quad-tree is a method of organizing 2D spatial data by recursively dividing a large area into four smaller regions or quadrants. Each quadrant can then be subdivided further if it contains complex data, like many points or objects. This hierarchical structure makes it efficient to search, insert, or manage spatial information, as it quickly narrows down the area of interest. Quad-trees are commonly used in computer graphics, geographic information systems (GIS), and image processing to handle large spatial datasets efficiently.