Q-factor

The Q-factor, or quality factor, measures how efficiently a system stores and transfers energy, especially in oscillating systems like circuits or resonators. A high Q-factor indicates that the system can sustain oscillations for a longer time with minimal energy loss, resulting in a sharp, precise resonance. Conversely, a low Q-factor means the system loses energy more quickly and has broader, less defined resonance. Essentially, the Q-factor reflects the system's selectivity and energy retention ability, influencing how well it can filter or amplify specific signals without degrading quickly.