PV (Photovoltaic) effect

The photovoltaic (PV) effect is a process where certain materials, like those used in solar panels, generate electricity when exposed to sunlight. When sunlight hits the solar cell, it excites electrons—tiny charged particles—in the material, creating a flow of electrical current. This happens because the solar cell is designed with special layers that separate electrons from their positive counterparts, directing the flow of electricity. Essentially, the PV effect converts sunlight directly into usable electrical energy, making it the foundation for solar power systems.