Purine biosynthesis

Purine biosynthesis is the process by which cells produce purine molecules—vital building blocks of DNA and RNA. This process involves a series of chemical reactions that assemble purine rings from simpler molecules, primarily starting with molecules like amino acids and carbon sources. The pathway occurs mainly in the cell’s cytoplasm and is tightly regulated to ensure sufficient supply for genetic material without excess. Once formed, purines such as adenine and guanine are used to construct nucleic acids, which carry genetic information essential for growth, development, and cellular functions.