Public Law 93-638

Public Law 93-638, also known as the Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act, was enacted in 1975. It allows tribes and tribal organizations to directly manage and operate federal programs that serve their communities, such as health, education, and social services. This law shifts control from federal agencies to tribal governments, promoting self-governance, cultural preservation, and tailored service delivery. Essentially, it empowers tribes to decide how federal funds are used, fostering greater autonomy and partnership in meeting their people’s needs.