Public Figure Doctrine

The Public Figure Doctrine is a legal principle that limits the ability of public figures—such as celebrities, politicians, or notable individuals—to sue for defamation (false statements that harm reputation). To win a defamation case, public figures must prove that the statement was made with "actual malice," meaning knowledge of its falsehood or reckless disregard for the truth. This standard recognizes the importance of open debate about public issues and the controversial roles public figures play, balancing free speech with avoiding harmful false statements.