PTPN22 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 22)

PTPN22 is a gene that produces a protein involved in regulating the immune system by turning off certain immune responses. This protein helps prevent the immune system from attacking the body's own tissues. Variations or mutations in the PTPN22 gene can alter its function, sometimes leading to an increased risk of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and others. Essentially, PTPN22 acts as a molecular brake for immune activity, maintaining immune balance and preventing harmful autoimmune reactions.