Pteridophyta

Pteridophyta, commonly known as ferns and their relatives, are a group of vascular plants that reproduce using spores instead of seeds. They have true roots, stems, and leaves, and thrive in moist environments where spores can grow into new plants. Unlike flowering plants, they do not produce flowers or seeds. Pteridophytes are important in ecosystems for preventing soil erosion and providing habitat, and they have a long evolutionary history, making them key to understanding plant development and diversity.