psychosurgery in the 20th century

Psychosurgery in the 20th century refers to surgical procedures performed on the brain to treat mental health disorders. It aimed to alter brain circuits believed to cause conditions like severe depression, schizophrenia, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Techniques such as lobotomies involved severing connections in the frontal lobes, often with limited understanding of long-term effects. While some patients experienced relief, many suffered severe side effects, leading to ethical concerns and a decline in use. Today, psychosurgery is rare and highly controlled, replaced by less invasive treatments like medication and psychotherapy, emphasizing safety and ethical considerations.