Proto-oncogenes

Proto-oncogenes are normal genes that help cells grow, divide, and stay healthy. They produce proteins that promote cell growth and proper function. However, if these genes become mutated or overly active due to errors, they can turn into oncogenes, which drive uncontrolled cell growth. This abnormal growth can lead to cancer. Essentially, proto-oncogenes are like the gas pedals in a car—necessary for movement—but if pressed too hard or stuck, they can cause the car to go out of control.