protein tyrosine phosphatases

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) are enzymes that remove phosphate groups from specific amino acids called tyrosine residues on proteins. This process, known as dephosphorylation, helps regulate protein activity and signal transduction pathways inside cells. PTPs work in balance with protein tyrosine kinases, which add phosphate groups, ensuring proper cell communication, growth, and response to external stimuli. Proper function of PTPs is essential for healthy cellular processes, and their dysfunction can contribute to diseases like cancer and autoimmune disorders.