Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controller

A Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller is a control system that automatically adjusts a process to reach and maintain a desired setpoint. It does this by considering three elements: the proportional part reacts to current errors, the integral part considers past errors to eliminate bias, and the derivative part predicts future errors to prevent overshoot. This combination allows the system to respond smoothly, accurately, and efficiently, maintaining stability and performance across various applications like temperature control, robotics, or vehicle cruise control.